Shotgun and no-huddle

What it measures

Two style buckets rather than outcome buckets. The shotgun bucket collects every snap where the quarterback lined up in the gun; the no_huddle bucket collects every snap run without huddling. Together they sketch an offense's identity: how much it lives in spread looks, and whether it uses tempo as a weapon. Efficiency inside these buckets tells you what a team gets out of each mode, and the bucket's share of total plays tells you how much it believes in them.

They are also honest tells. Shotgun rate leaks pass intent (defenses know this too), and no-huddle stretches tend to spike when teams are behind, which drags score state into any tempo split.

How it is computed here

The play-by-play shotgun and no_huddle flags assign snaps to their buckets; a no-huddle shotgun snap counts in both, exactly like every other overlapping bucket in the closed situation vocabulary. The situation_team view aggregates EPA per play, success rate, yards per play, and pass rate over each bucket per team and side; situation_qb does the same for qualifying passers. Play action is planned as a companion bucket but is not shipped yet, since its charting source only covers 2022 onward.

How fast it stabilizes

Usage rates stabilize almost immediately; they are coaching choices, repeated 60 times a game. Efficiency within the buckets follows the usual rule: the shotgun bucket is huge for most modern offenses (often more than half of all snaps) and behaves like overall offense, while the no_huddle bucket can be tiny for slow-tempo teams and swings accordingly.

How it gets misused

• Reading "better from shotgun" as a scheme fix. Shotgun snaps skew toward passing downs, so the bucket's mix differs from under-center snaps; the comparison is not apples to apples.
• Crediting tempo for efficiency that is really desperation. No-huddle samples fill up while trailing, when defenses concede underneath.
• Forgetting the buckets overlap with everything else. A red zone shotgun snap is in both buckets; adding bucket play counts together double-counts reality.